Go game rules

Liberties, capture, ko. The board opens on a ko shape so you can see the rule bite.

Record00Captures00

Black to play — a white group has one liberty left. Take it. Take the white stone in the middle — white cannot take it straight back. That is ko.

You do not need a thick rulebook to get through a beginner Go game without feeling lost. A small handful of ideas carries most real positions: place stones on intersections, count liberties honestly, remove a group when its last liberty is gone, do not allow ordinary suicide, and respect ko so the board does not bounce forever between two shapes. The board above opens on a ko pattern for a reason: some rules make more sense once you can actually see them happen.

When to use this board

This page is for the moment during a game when someone says, “wait, is that legal?” It is also the right quick refresher before a fast 9×9 game when you know the basics but want the edges of the rules clear again.

When not to

You are brand new and still dizzy -> start with how-to first. You want difficulty controls instead -> vs computer. You are shopping for a physical board -> not our store.

How

  1. 01Placement: one stone per turn on an empty intersection. There is no setup phase with pieces already waiting on the board.
  2. 02Liberties: empty orthogonal neighbors. Connected stones share them, which is why shape matters so quickly.
  3. 03Capture: fill the final liberty of an opposing group and those stones are removed together.
  4. 04Ko: if a one-stone capture recreates the immediately previous shape, you must play elsewhere before taking back.
  5. 05Pass: when both sides pass, the game can end for counting. On this site, captures settle the lead.

Gotchas

  • Diagonal touching does not connect groups and does not create liberties. The lines matter.
  • Suicide is usually illegal unless the move captures first. If the engine refuses a move, it is usually protecting that rule.
  • Ko only stops the immediate retake. One move elsewhere and the point opens up again.
  • This board settles games by captures rather than full territory counting, which keeps casual 9×9 games cleaner.

FAQ

When a stone runs out of liberties, do you remove just that stone or the whole connected group?
The whole connected group, if it is all out of liberties. In Go, connected stones live and die together more often than beginners expect.
Why does ko stop the immediate recapture? What problem is that rule solving?
It stops the shortest possible endless loop. Without ko, the same point could bounce back and forth forever and the game would stop moving forward.
Is passing a real move, or only something people do at the end?
Passing is real. On this site, two passes in a row can end the game for scoring.
If I came here because a move felt illegal, where should I go next once I have the answer?
Go back home if you want the simplest live board, or open vs computer if you want a labeled strength and another position to test what you just learned.

Browser Go — Weiqi on one board. Stones stay in this tab. No lobby, no signup.

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